Leydig tumor in normal sized ovaries causing clitoromegaly: A case report.

We describe an unusual presentation of a rare Leydig tumor presenting in bilateral ovaries that are otherwise normal in size for postmenopausal women. A 66-year-old woman presented with postmenopausal bleeding and during her work-up acutely developed clitoromegaly. Her diagnostic work-up revealed a 1.8 cm left ovarian complex cyst and extremely elevated testosterone levels. Management included hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Final pathology revealed Leydig tumors in the bilateral ovaries. This case discusses a rare presentation of a rare tumor and highlights the importance of a thorough examination of the female genitalia and investigation for root cause.

Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Expression in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Does it Correlate With Outcomes?

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Upregulation of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an immunoregulatory protein, is associated with an adverse outcomes in several malignancies. Most studies evaluating PD-L1 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) lack data on outcomes. In this study, we correlate PD-L1 expression with clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcomes in invasive CSCC. Seventy-three cases of CSCC from 2010 to 2018 were immunostained for PD-L1. A combined positive score (CPS) of ≥1 and ≥10 was correlated with age, stage, and survival outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves for progression-free survival and overall survival were plotted and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify significant prognostic factors (2-tailed P <0.05 was considered statistically significant). With CPS ≥1 or ≥10 as the cut-off, PD-L1 was positive in 52/73 (71.2%) and 23/73 (31.5%) of cases, respectively. PD-L1 positive patients present at a higher stage of disease, especially those with CPS ≥10. With CPS of ≥10 as the cut-off, the 5-yr progression-free survival and 5-yr overall survival were significantly lower ( P = 0.034 and 0.012, respectively). Only stage was statistically significant for worse overall survival on multivariate analysis. PD-L1 positive patients present at a higher stage of disease, and stage is an independent prognostic indicator for adverse outcomes in CSCC. This study highlights the potential of PD-L1 targeted therapy in patients with CSCC.

Management of MACROGLOSSIA: Case Series and Suggested Algorithm.

PURPOSE: Idiopathic macroglossia is a rare entity of true tongue enlargement without an underlying etiology. There are only a few case reports on the diagnosis and management of idiopathic macroglossia. This study's purpose was to present a series of patients with idiopathic macroglossia and suggest a treatment algorithm. METHODS: This was a retrospective case series of a cohort of patients with macroglossia who were treated by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)and Emory University. The patient's medical comorbidities, history of present illness, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and disease management were studied. The outcome variables include normalization of the tongue size, dependence on parenteral nutrition, and tolerating tracheostomy decannulation. RESULTS: Five patients with a mean age of 45 years were included in the study. All of the patients (n = 5, 100%) in our cohort developed macroglossia following prolonged oral intubation, with 3.5 weeks being the average length of intubation. All patients presented with difficulty feeding orally and breathing. The average tongue dimension was 12.20 x 6.25 cm. All tongue enlargements were located in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and all patients had displaced anterior dentition. In addition, 60% of the patients (n = 3) experienced altered tongue sensation (pain and/or decreased taste). These patients were surgically managed with tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement followed by partial glossectomy (n = 5, 100%). We defined successful outcomes as 1) modifying the tongue to a functional, nonprotruding form, 2) tracheostomy decannulation and 3) PEG tube removal. Tracheostomy decannulation and PEG tube removal were achieved in 80% of the patients (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: In this patient cohort, we were unable to identify the cause of the pathology based on existing clinical data. When the etiology is unclear or irreversible, management should involve tracheostomy and surgical feeding access for the initial stabilization, followed by modified glossectomy to improve form, function, and cosmesis thereby improving the overall quality of life.

Osteosarcoma in the Thyroid Gland.

Primary osteosarcomas are rarely seen in areas other than bone, although they can occur in sites such as the thigh, anal region, hand, etc. We present a case of primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the thyroid, of which there are only 29 previous reported cases. Presentations and treatment options for this type of tumor vary. Through this case report, we discuss the similarities and differences of the patient's presentation compared with other documented cases, imaging, the rationale behind treatment, and the current clinical course.

Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression Is Associated With Poorer Survival in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

CONTEXT.­: Upregulation of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an immunoregulatory protein, is associated with an adverse outcome in several malignancies. Very few studies have evaluated PD-L1 expression in invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). OBJECTIVE.­: To assess PD-L1 expression in patients with ASCC and correlate it with clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcomes. DESIGN.­: Fifty-one cases of ASCC were immunostained for PD-L1. PD-L1 expression by combined positive score and tumor proportion score was correlated with age, sex, HIV status, HIV viral load, CD4 count, stage, and outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival were plotted and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify significant prognostic factors (2-tailed P < .05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS.­: PD-L1 was positive in 24 of 51 cases (47%) by combined positive score and in 18 of 51 (35%) by tumor proportion score. The median cancer-specific survival and 5-year overall survival were significantly lower in PD-L1+ patients. Age, sex, HIV status, HIV viral load, stage, and cancer progression were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CD4 count of more than 200/µL was significantly higher in PD-L1+ patients. PD-L1+ status remained statistically significant for worse overall survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS.­: PD-L1+ status is an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in ASCC. This study highlights the potential of PD-L1 targeted therapy in better management of ASCC.

A Subset of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas Express Albumin RNA as Detected by In Situ Hybridization.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) show morphologic diversity, ranging from tumors composed of nonmucinous small ducts to mucin-producing large duct tumors to tumors with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma features. Diagnosing ICCs can be difficult, especially on biopsy, not only because of the morphologic diversity, but also because metastatic tumors are often in the differential diagnosis. Recently, branched DNA-based albumin RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) has been shown to be a potential sensitive and specific marker for ICC with 99% sensitivity. Using a different RNA ISH technology, we evaluated the expression of albumin RNA ISH in ICC. We performed RNA ISH for albumin using RNAscope on 43 ICCs in a triplicate tissue microarray. Albumin RNA ISH was positive in 18 of 43 (42%) ICCs. Five of the 6 (83%) combined hepatocellular carcinoma-CC were positive in the CC component. None of the tumors with mucin production were positive (0/9). In our cohort, albumin RNA ISH showed a sensitivity of 42% in ICCs, supporting the morphologic diversity of ICCs. Albumin RNA ISH does not appear to be a highly sensitive marker for ICC and hence cannot be used as a stand-alone marker for ICC.

Granulomatous lung disease: clinical aspects.

INTRODUCTION: Granulomatous lung diseases (GLD) are heterogeneous group of diseases that can be broadly categorized as infectious or noninfectious. This distinction is extremely important, as the misdiagnosis of a GLD can have serious consequences. In this manuscript, we describe the clinical manifestations, histopathology, and diagnostic approach to GLD. We propose an algorithm to distinguish infectious from noninfectious GLD. AREAS COVERED: We have searched PubMed and Medline database from 1950 to December 2019, using multiple keywords as described below. Major GLDs covered include those caused by mycobacteria and fungi, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and vasculidities. EXPERT OPINION: The cause of infectious GLD is usually identified through microbiological culture and molecular techniques. Most noninfectious GLD are diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria, often with exclusion of infectious pathogens. Further understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the granulomatous response may allow improved diagnosis and treatment of GLD.

Do High Rates of Atypical Glandular Cells Correlate With Higher Incidence of Disease in a Large Safety Net Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and correlates of atypical glandular cell (AGC) Pap tests in a low socioeconomic status, underserved population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with AGC Pap tests at a single institution were reviewed from January 2013 to August 2019. Baseline characteristics were extracted including age, body mass index, birth control, abnormal uterine bleeding, and human papillomavirus (HPV). All colposcopy and endometrial biopsies were classified into negative/low-risk (polyps, tubular metaplasia, microglandular hyperplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1) and high-risk (HR) lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3, adenocarcinoma in situ, endometrial hyperplasia, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer). Logistic regression identified significant associations. Sixty-eight randomly selected AGC cytology slides from the cohort and 32 non-AGC slides outside the cohort were blindly reviewed by 6 pathologists. Fleiss κ interrater agreement was assessed. RESULTS: Seven hundred forty patients with AGC Pap tests were identified (0.8% of all Pap tests performed during this time). After excluding for incomplete data, 478 patients were included. Sixty-three patients had HR lesions (13.3%). Patients with HR lesions had increased odds of abnormal uterine bleeding (odds ratio = 4.32, p < .001) and HPV positivity (odds ratio = 10.89, p < .001) when compared with patients with low-risk lesions. The κ agreement was 0.21 for all cases and 0.18 for AGC alone. CONCLUSIONS: This population falls within the national averages for AGC Pap tests. There was an increased risk of HR lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and HPV positivity. The rate of HR lesions among AGC Pap tests was at the lower end of values in the literature. After blinded pathologist review, interobserver κ agreement was low for AGC Pap tests.

Treatment of refractory mastocytic enterocolitis with budesonide.

Mast cells (MCs) are being increasingly implicated as a possible contributor to symptoms in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The term "mastocytic enterocolitis" was proposed to describe an increase in mucosal MCs in patients with chronic diarrhea due to functional gastrointestinal disease (FGID). The efficacy of anti-MC mediator therapy (antihistamines and MC stabilizers) has been well documented in this setting. Here we describe the treatment with oral budesonide of mastocytic enterocolitis refractory to standard anti-MC therapy.

Factors Impacting the Performance Characteristics of Bile Duct Brushings: A Clinico-Cytopathologic Analysis of 253 Patients.

CONTEXT: - Literature on factors impacting bile duct brushings (BDBs) performance characteristics remain limited. OBJECTIVE: - To capture the current state of daily practice with BDB sign-out. DESIGN: - Two hundred fifty-three of 444 BDBs signed out by more than 7 cytopathologists, with histopathologic and/or clinical follow-up of at least 18 months, were examined. RESULTS: - One hundred thirty-five of 253 BDBs (53%) had histologically confirmed malignancies, 22 (9%) had cancer-related deaths, and 96 (38%) were benign. Cytologic diagnoses in the 444 BDBs were nondiagnostic (11 [2.5%]), negative (284 [64%]), atypical (62 [13.9%]), suspicious (34 [7.7%]), and malignant (53 [11.9%]). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of malignancy detection were 35%, 100%, 100%, 58%, and 66%, respectively. When atypical, suspicious, and malignant (ASM) categories were combined, sensitivity increased (58%), specificity and PPV dropped (97%), and accuracy increased (73%). Carcinoma type (bile-duct versus pancreatic-ductal) had no effect on accuracy ( P = .60) or diagnostic class ( P = .84), nor did time of performance (first 7.5 versus latter 7.5 years, P = .13). Interestingly, ThinPrep + cell block (n = 41) had higher sensitivity (61%) and lower specificity (80%) than ThinPrep only (versus 51% and 100%, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were higher (47% and 100%) in nonstented than stented specimens (59% and 97%). Relative risk of malignancy for "suspicious" (2.30) and "atypical" (2.28) categories was lower but not very different from that of "malignant" category (2.41). CONCLUSIONS: - Bile duct brushings had fairly low sensitivity but high specificity and PPV with no false positives. Sensitivity almost doubled and specificity dipped minimally when ASM categories were combined, highlighting the need for better classification criteria for atypical/suspicious cases. Higher specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy but lower sensitivity in stented BDBs suggest that they be called malignant only when evidence is overwhelmingly convincing.

Cytologic predictors of malignancy in bile duct brushings: a multi-reviewer analysis of 60 cases.

Diagnosing malignancy in bile duct brushings is highly challenging. Seven reviewers of variable backgrounds and levels of participation in bile duct brushing sign out blindly reviewed 60 specimens (30 malignant with histologic confirmation and 30 benign (15 stented) with resection or ≥18 months of uneventful follow-up), testing the utility of 14 malignant characteristics. Eleven characteristics were statistically significantly associated with malignancy including 3-dimensional clusters (63% in malignant vs 3% in benign, odds ratio 50, P=0.0003), pleomorphism (62 vs 3, odds ratio 48, P=0.0004), 2-cell population (60% vs 3, odds ratio 44, P=0.0005), chromatin pattern (hypo/hyperchromasia) changes (70% vs 7%, odds ratio 33, P<0.0001), high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (48 vs 3%, odds ratio 27, P=0.0023), cytoplasmic vacuoles (43 vs 3%, odds ratio 22, P=0.0042), nuclear irregularity (70 vs 10%, odds ratio 21, P<0.0001), cellular discohesion (38 vs 3%, odds ratio 18, P=0.0082), hypercellularity (23% vs 0), nuclear molding (20% vs 0) and prominent nucleoli (21% vs 0). Necrosis and infiltrating inflammation were not helpful in identifying malignancy ('neutrophil cannibalism' was noted in 43% malignant); 21/30 (70%) malignant brushings had ≥3 malignant characteristics, while 23 (77%) benign brushings had none. Of 20 brushings with ≥4 characteristics, 1(5%) proved benign and showed detachment atypia, a close malignant mimicker in brushings. Identification of 3 characteristics maximized the combined sensitivity (70%), specificity (97%) and accuracy (83%), but sensitivity dropped as number of characteristics increased. Identification of 3/11 characteristics (3-dimensional clusters, pleomorphism, high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear irregularity, hypercellularity, discohesion, chromatin changes, vacuoles, prominent nucleoli, molding and 2-cell population) improves pathologists' overall performance greatly.

Adequacy of physician documentation and correlation with assessment of transfusion appropriateness: a follow-up study in the setting of prospective audits and patient blood management.

BACKGROUND: A previous study in our hospitals correlated suboptimal documentation and failure to justify transfusions. In light of implemented blood-conservation strategies, including patient blood management (PBM) and prospective audits (PAs), we performed a follow-up study. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed prospectively audited red blood cell (RBC) transfusions received by adult patients from January to July 2014. Survey forms were used to assess the level of documentation and to classify documentation as adequate, intermediate, or inadequate. Transfusions were deemed justified or not by comparisons with hospital transfusion guidelines. We also analyzed the effect of implemented blood-conservation strategies on our hospital transfusion rates and costs from 2009 to 2015. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 259 prospectively audited transfusion events (TEs) (one or more RBC units transfused to a patient), of which we reviewed 94 TEs (36.3%) in 87 patients. TEs with suboptimal (intermediate and inadequate) documentation accounted for 46.8% of the reviewed TEs, of which 81.8% could not be justified compared with 18.0% of nonjustified, adequately documented TEs. The correlation between suboptimal documentation and failure to justify transfusion was significant (p < 0.001). This correlation remained even in a comparison between the site with a PBM program and the sites without such a program. Overall transfusion rates declined after the introduction of PA, although the decline was only statistically significant at the sites with a PBM program. CONCLUSION: Suboptimal transfusion documentation remains problematic and is highly correlated with nonjustifiable transfusions. Newly adopted approaches to minimize blood transfusions have not improved transfusion documentation and corresponding out-of-guideline transfusions, although overall transfusions have been reduced by PA, particularly in the setting of a PBM program.

PLAG1: An Immunohistochemical Marker with Limited Utility in Separating Pleomorphic Adenoma from Other Basaloid Salivary Gland Tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms is often challenging. Differentiating between pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and other basaloid neoplasms, especially basal cell adenoma (BCA) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), can be difficult in cellular aspirates. PLAG1 (PA gene 1) is a proto-oncogene, which is frequently rearranged in PAs, leading to the aberrant expression of its protein. PLAG1 IHC expression has been reported to be positive in most PAs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PLAG1 to differentiate PA from other basaloid neoplasms. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical evaluation of PLAG1 was performed on 125 cases (52 FNAs and 73 surgical excisions). Nuclear staining of tumor cells was scored by the intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells. A combined score of >5 was defined as positive. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sensitivity (55%) and specificity (75%) of PLAG1 in diagnosing PA in FNAs is relatively modest thus limiting its diagnostic utility. BCAs and AdCCs showed PLAG1 false positivity, in surgical excision specimens and less so in FNAs. This may be due to limited sampling or tumor heterogeneity. Hence, PLAG1 is a modest marker for PAs in FNAs.

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Maxillary Sinus.

The clinical course and pathologic features of a 72 year old female who presented with epistaxis are presented. Radiographic findings were notable for a large, soft tissue lesion filling the maxillary sinus with significant bony erosion and expansion. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) and underwent endoscopic resection. She has no evidence of local, regional or distant recurrence 14 months post-surgery. The rarity of this neoplasm, the unusual anatomic location and non-specific symptoms present diagnostic and management challenges. Epithelioid vascular tumors encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant tumors. EHE itself is thought to have an intermediate malignant behavior pattern, though cases with indolent behavior have been reported. Differentiation of EHE from other lesions has historically based on histopathology. Additionally, recent studies have described a recurrent genetic fusion WWTR1-CAMTA1 in EHE, involving t(1;3) (p36;q25). This represents the second reported case of EHE arising in a paranasal sinus. The histopathologic findings of this lesion are reviewed.

Wide Inter-institutional Variation in Performance of a Molecular Classifier for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

BACKGROUND: The Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) is used to assess malignancy risk in indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) classified as Bethesda category III/IV. Our objective was to analyze GEC performance at two institutions with high thyroid cytopathology volumes but differing prevalence of malignancy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all ITNs evaluated with the GEC at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK; n = 94) and Mount Sinai Beth Israel (MSBI; n = 71). These institutions have differing prevalences of malignancy in ITNs: 30-38 % (MSK) and 10-19 % (MSBI). Surgical pathology was correlated with GEC findings for each matched nodule. Performance characteristics were estimated using Bayes Theorem. RESULTS: Patient and nodule characteristics were similar at MSK and MSBI. The GEC-benign call rates were 38.3 % (MSK) and 52.1 % (MSBI). Of the GEC-benign nodules, 8.3 % (MSK) and 13.5 % (MSBI) were treated surgically. Surgical pathology indicated that all of GEC-benign nodules were benign. Of the GEC-suspicious nodules, 60.0 % (MSK) and 61.7 % (MSBI) underwent surgery. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for GEC-suspicious results were 57.1 % (95 % CI 41.0-72.3) at MSK and 14.3 % (95 % CI 0.2-30.2) at MSBI. The estimated negative predictive values (NPVs) were 86-92 % at MSK and 95-98 % at MSBI. CONCLUSIONS: There were wide variations in the Afirma GEC-benign call rate, PPV, and NPV between MSBI (a comprehensive health system) and MSK (a tertiary referral cancer center), which had differing rates of malignancy in ITNs. The GEC could not routinely alter management in either institution. We believe that this assay would be expected to be most informative in practice settings where the prevalence of malignancy is 15-21 %, such that NPV >95 % and PPV >25 % would be anticipated. Knowing the prevalence of malignancy in ITNs at a particular institution is critical for reliable interpretation of GEC results.

Evidence for overestimation of the prevalence of malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda category III.

BACKGROUND: Several recent analyses of indeterminate thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda III (follicular lesion of undetermined significance) have reported considerably greater rates of malignancy than those initially reported by the Bethesda System for Reporting Cytopathology (BSRTC). These values, however, may be overestimates owing to several sources of bias, such as referral, selection, and publication biases. Our aim was to analyze the prevalence of malignancy in Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules in a comprehensive health system less prone to institutional referral bias, excluding incidental carcinomas, and we examine the literature for publication bias. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis with pathologic re-review of 119 patients with Bethesda III/IV cytology undergoing surgery in a comprehensive health system by examining patient and nodule characteristics. A review of the literature was performed and analyzed for publication bias. RESULTS: The malignancy rate in resected thyroid nodules was 13% (6/48) for Bethesda III and 28% (20/71) for Bethesda IV. There were 9 of 119 patients (8%) with incidental microcarcinomas. Age <30 years was associated with an increased risk of malignancy (odds ratio, 25.8; P = .005). Sex, nodule size, and ultrasonographic features were not associated with risk of malignancy. Analysis of the literature was indicative of publication bias for Bethesda III cohorts, with reported rates positively skewed (P = .039). CONCLUSION: In a comprehensive health system, the rate of malignancy in Bethesda III nodules was similar to the range reported by the BSRTC. Recent reports of greater rates of malignancy may be attributable to institutional referral patterns, operative selection, inclusion of incidental microcarcinomas, and publication bias.

Blood Transfusion in the 21st Century.

Blood transfusion is a common procedure in the hospital setting, and the safety of the blood supply has been vastly improved over the past few decades largely due to improvements in screening for viral transmissible diseases, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis. However, more recent efforts to improve blood safety have focused on non-transmissible disease risks such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), non-viral transmissible diseases such as bacterial contamination of blood products (especially platelet components which are stored at room temperature) and Chagas disease (a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi), and prion transmissible agents (e.g., variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, also known as the agent of mad cow disease) as well as more recently-recognized transmissible viral disease risks such as West Nile virus. Appropriate blood utilization has also come under more intense scrutiny in recent times due to healthcare costs and the recognition that many blood transfusions are given under circumstances in which the benefit to the patients is unclear and may be potentially harmful due to the above risks as well as the emerging concept that blood transfusions may cause long-term damage to the immune system resulting in worse patient morbidity and mortality outcomes. Toward that end, accreditation agencies such as the Joint Commission and the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) are advocating for healthcare organizations to implement appropriate patient blood management strategies. This review will examine these issues along with newer blood safety technological innovations and further highlight contributing studies from our institutions.

Leiomiosarcoma pulmonar primario: presentación de un caso / Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma - A case report

Los sarcomas son tumores mesenquimatosos que tienen su origen en los componentes de estroma de la pared bronquial o en el intersticio del parénquima pulmonar. Las neoplasias sarcomatosas pulmonares son un grupo de tumores muy poco frecuentes y difíciles de diagnosticar. Constituyen tan solo el 0,2-0,5% del total de enfermedades malignas primarias del pulmón. Los leiomiosarcomas pulmonares primarios se subdividen en los que se originan en el parénquima pulmonar, los derivados del árbol bronquial y los que proceden de arterias pulmonares. Presentamos aquí el caso de una mujer afroamericana de 43 años que presentaba tos crónica, fatiga y pérdida de peso. La detección temprana es la clave del tratamiento eficaz de estos pacientes. La opción de tratamiento existente es la resección completa del tumor. Estos casos proporcionan una yuxtaposición interesante con el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón habitual(AU)

Sarcomas are mesenchymal tumors that originate from the stromal elements of the bronchial wall or from interstices of lung parenchyma. Pulmonary sarcomatous neoplasms are a rare and diagnostically challenging group of tumors. They constitute only 0.2%-0.5% of all primary lung malignancies. Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcomas are subdivided into those originating from pulmonary parenchyma, bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. Here we present a case of 43-year-old African-American female who with chronic cough, fatigue and weight loss. Early detection is the key to the successful management of these patients. The available treatment option is complete resection of tumor. These cases provide an interesting juxtaposition to the management of typical lung cancer(AU)

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma -- a case report.

Sarcomas are mesenchymal tumors that originate from the stromal elements of the bronchial wall or from interstices of lung parenchyma. Pulmonary sarcomatous neoplasms are a rare and diagnostically challenging group of tumors. They constitute only 0.2%-0.5% of all primary lung malignancies. Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcomas are subdivided into those originating from pulmonary parenchyma, bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. Here we present a case of 43-year-old African-American female who with chronic cough, fatigue and weight loss. Early detection is the key to the successful management of these patients. The available treatment option is complete resection of tumor. These cases provide an interesting juxtaposition to the management of typical lung cancer.